Severe Weather and Tornadoes: July 11, 2008
The most active tornado day of 2008 in Minnesota was July 11. There were nine tornadoes reported, the strongest of which was an E-F3 tornado just south of Willmar in Kandiohi County. There were two injuries with this tornado as it damaged a turkey barn along county road 19 and just east of Highway 71 in Kandiohi County. This tornado was visible to many people and many took photographs of the tornado.
Listed below are local storm reports from the National Weather Service regarding the severe storms and tornadoes of July 11.
PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT...UPDATED NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TWIN CITIES/CHANHASSEN MN 820 PM CDT SAT JUL 12 2008 ...WILLMAR AREA TORNADO RATED EF-3... A DAMAGE SURVEY TEAM HAS COMPLETED ITS INSPECTION OF THE TORNADO DAMAGE FROM FRIDAYS STORM SOUTH OF WILLMAR...AND THE TORNADO WILL BE RATED AS A LOW END EF-3. AN EF-3 TORNADO CORRELATES WITH WINDS OF 136 TO 165 MPH...AND THIS PARTICULAR TORNADO IS MOST LIKELY IN THE RANGE OF 136 TO 150 MPH. THE EF SCALE REFERS TO THE ENHANCED FUJITA SCALE. THE TORNADO TOUCHED DOWN ABOUT FIVE TO SIX MILES SOUTHWEST OF DOWNTOWN WILLMAR. MORE SPECIFICALLY...ONE HALF MILE NORTH OF PRIAM...ALONG COUNTY ROAD 116...HITTING A TURKEY BARN. THE TORNADO TRAVELED EAST...CROSSING HIGHWAY 71 NEAR 45TH AVENUE OR COUNTY ROAD 19...OR ABOUT TWO AND ONE HALF MILES SOUTH OF DOWNTOWN WILLMAR. IT CONTINUED MOVING EASTWARD...ALONG AND JUST NORTH OF COUNTY ROAD 19. THE MOST SEVERE DAMAGE TOOK PLACE ONE AND ONE HALF MILES EAST OF HIGHWAY 71 AND ONE THIRD MILE NORTH OF COUNTY ROAD 19. THE TORNADO DISSIPATED FOUR MILES SOUTHEAST OF WILLMAR....TWO AND ONE HALF MILES EAST OF HIGHWAY 71 AND ONE HALF MILE NORTH OF COUNTY ROAD 19. TOTAL PATH LENGTH WAS EIGHT MILES...AND THE MAXIMUM WIDTH WAS 200 YARDS. TWO MINOR INJURIES OCCURRED AT A TURKEY BARN ALONG COUNTY ROAD 19 AND JUST EAST OF HIGHWAY 71. THERE WERE NO FATALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE TORNADO. THERE HAVE BEEN SOME EYEWITNESSES DESCRIBING A SECONDARY TORNADO ROTATING AROUND THE MAIN TORNADO. WHETHER THIS ACTUALLY HAPPENED CAN BE DETERMINED ONLY BY PHOTOS OR VIDEO...AND THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WILL BE EXAMINING THE NUMEROUS PHOTOS AND VIDEOS THAT EXIST. IF YOU WISH TO SEND PHOTOS OR VIDEO LINKS TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...PLEASE GO TO OUR WEB SITE WWW.WEATHER.GOV/TWINCITIES AND SEND AN E-MAIL TO THE WEBMASTER. THIS WEB SITE ALSO HAS A REVIEW OF THE STORM. THERE HAVE ALSO BEEN REPORTS OF OTHER TORNADOES IN THE COSMOS OR ATWATER AREAS...AFTER THE DISSIPATION OF THE WILLMAR TORNADO. AGAIN... PHOTOS OR VIDEO WILL BE REQUIRED TO VERIFY THIS...SINCE NOTHING HAS BEEN HEARD IN THE WAY OF DAMAGE IN THESE AREAS. THE DAMAGE THREE MILES NORTHWEST OF BROWNTON WAS DETERMINED TO HAVE BEEN CAUSED BY OUTFLOW FROM THE STORM...AND THEREFORE NOT TORNADIC. MANY THANKS ARE TO BE GIVEN TO THE MANY STORM SPOTTERS...STORM CHASERS...EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS...AND OTHER PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICIALS WHO PROVIDED SUCH VALUABLE REPORTS BEFORE...DURING AND AFTER THE TORNADO. THOSE REPORTS UNDOUBTEDLY HELPED SAVE LIVES. $$ KRAUSE/TRAMMELL/FRIEDLEIN PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...SUMMARY NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TWIN CITIES/CHANHASSEN MN 838 PM CDT SAT JUL 12 2008 ..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON... ..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE.... ..REMARKS.. 0504 PM HAIL HEWITT 46.32N 95.09W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH TODD MN FIRE DEPT/RESCUE 0515 PM HAIL 5 E HEWITT 46.32N 94.98W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH TODD MN LAW ENFORCEMENT NEAR INTERSECTION OF 210/11. 0516 PM HAIL 6 WSW STAPLES 46.33N 94.92W 07/11/2008 M1.00 INCH TODD MN EMERGENCY MNGR 0530 PM HAIL 3 SW MURDOCK 45.19N 95.44W 07/11/2008 E0.75 INCH SWIFT MN STORM CHASER 0535 PM HAIL 8 SE STARBUCK 45.53N 95.42W 07/11/2008 M2.75 INCH POPE MN PUBLIC 0550 PM HAIL 1 W SUNBURG 45.35N 95.26W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH SWIFT MN LAW ENFORCEMENT 0554 PM HAIL 3 SE MOTLEY 46.31N 94.60W 07/11/2008 M1.00 INCH MORRISON MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0607 PM HAIL BELGRADE 45.45N 95.00W 07/11/2008 E0.88 INCH STEARNS MN FIRE DEPT/RESCUE 0609 PM HAIL NEW LONDON 45.30N 94.95W 07/11/2008 M1.00 INCH KANDIYOHI MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0611 PM HAIL BELGRADE 45.45N 95.00W 07/11/2008 M0.88 INCH STEARNS MN FIRE DEPT/RESCUE 0625 PM HAIL 3 SW SPICER 45.20N 94.98W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH KANDIYOHI MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0626 PM TORNADO PRIAM 45.07N 95.14W 07/11/2008 F3 KANDIYOHI MN NWS STORM SURVEY *** 2 INJ *** TORNADO TRACKED FROM 0.5 MILE NORTH OF PRIAM TO 4.0 MILES SOUTHEAST OF DOWNTOWN WILLMAR. THREE HOUSES WERE DESTROYED AND EIGHT OTHERS WERE DAMAGED. BARNS AND SHEDS DESTROYED...ALONG WITH TWO BUSINESSES. TWO MINOR INJURIES OCCURRED AT A TURKEY BARN 2.5 MILES SOUTH OF DOWNTOWN WILLMAR. TORNADO DISSIPATED AT ABOUT 645 PM AFTER BEING ON THE GROUND FOR EIGHT MILES. MAXIMUM PATH WIDTH WAS 200 YARDS. 0629 PM TORNADO 1 SW WILLMAR 45.11N 95.06W 07/11/2008 KANDIYOHI MN TRAINED SPOTTER ONE QUARTER MILE SW OF WILMAR WITH DEBRIS IN THE AIR. STILL ON THE GROUND MOVING EAST AT 15 MPH. 0632 PM TORNADO SE WILLMAR 45.12N 95.05W 07/11/2008 KANDIYOHI MN TRAINED SPOTTER NEAR INTERSECTION OF COUNTY ROAD 8 AND 19. 0632 PM FUNNEL CLOUD 5 N WILLMAR 45.20N 95.05W 07/11/2008 KANDIYOHI MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0635 PM TORNADO 4 S WILLMAR 45.07N 95.05W 07/11/2008 KANDIYOHI MN TRAINED SPOTTER SHED FLATTENED. SMALL TRAILER TURNED ON ITS SIDE. SEVERAL FARM TRACTORS TURNED ON THEIR SIDES. OCCURRED AT HIGHWAY 71 AND COUNTY RD. 19. 0638 PM TORNADO 1 E WILLMAR 45.12N 95.03W 07/11/2008 KANDIYOHI MN TRAINED SPOTTER APPROXIMATELY 200 YARDS WIDE. HIT A FARM AND PICKED UP A LARGE AMOUNT OF METAL DEBRIS. MOVING 40 TO 50 MPH TOWARD THE EAST. 0638 PM TORNADO 1 E WILLMAR 45.12N 95.03W 07/11/2008 KANDIYOHI MN TRAINED SPOTTER ONE HOUSE SEVERELY DAMAGED. TWO TURKEY BARNS FLATTENED. 0642 PM TORNADO 3 E WILLMAR 45.12N 94.99W 07/11/2008 KANDIYOHI MN TRAINED SPOTTER TORNADO WEAKENED INTO THE ROPE STAGE. MOVING ENE AT APPROXIMATELY 40 TO 50 MPH. 0645 PM TORNADO 4 SE WILLMAR 45.08N 95.01W 07/11/2008 KANDIYOHI MN LAW ENFORCEMENT 2 HOUSES HEAVILY DAMAGED ON SW 26TH AVE NEAR 40TH ST SOUTHEAST. FARM MACHINERY DAMAGED. MAIN SWATH OF DAMAGE OCCURRED ALONG COUNTY ROAD 19, BETWEEN HWY 71 AND COUNTY ROAD 8. 0648 PM FUNNEL CLOUD BELVIEW 44.61N 95.33W 07/11/2008 REDWOOD MN PUBLIC 0648 PM FUNNEL CLOUD DELHI 44.60N 95.21W 07/11/2008 REDWOOD MN PUBLIC 0648 PM FUNNEL CLOUD 1 SW GROVE CITY 45.14N 94.70W 07/11/2008 MEEKER MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0653 PM TSTM WND GST 1 SW LITTLE FALLS 45.97N 94.38W 07/11/2008 M62.00 MPH MORRISON MN TRAINED SPOTTER 62 MPH GUST RECORDED WITH DOZENS OF TREES DOWN IN VICINITY. 0655 PM HAIL DANUBE 44.79N 95.10W 07/11/2008 M0.88 INCH RENVILLE MN FIRE DEPT/RESCUE 0658 PM HAIL 5 WNW OLIVIA 44.79N 95.10W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH RENVILLE MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0700 PM HAIL 3 N LITTLE FALLS 46.02N 94.36W 07/11/2008 M1.00 INCH MORRISON MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0700 PM TSTM WND DMG 1 ESE ST JOSEPH 45.56N 94.31W 07/11/2008 STEARNS MN TRAINED SPOTTER TIME ESTIMATED. 1 FT TREE DOWNED. 0702 PM TSTM WND GST 3 WNW HARDING 46.14N 94.11W 07/11/2008 M67.00 MPH MORRISON MN MESONET MEASURED BY MNDOT ROAD SENSOR ON HWY 25 AT MILE POST 140. 0710 PM TSTM WND DMG 2 N VINELAND 46.21N 93.77W 07/11/2008 MILLE LACS MN TRAINED SPOTTER TREES DOWN BETWEEN VINELAND AND PINE CENTER. OCCURRED ON COUNTY ROAD 25. 0714 PM TSTM WND GST 7 S HILLMAN 45.91N 93.89W 07/11/2008 M67.00 MPH MORRISON MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0714 PM TSTM WND GST WAITE PARK 45.55N 94.22W 07/11/2008 M84.00 MPH STEARNS MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0717 PM TSTM WND DMG 5 N WATKINS 45.39N 94.41W 07/11/2008 STEARNS MN TRAINED SPOTTER FIFTEEN FOOT TREE DOWNED. 0720 PM TSTM WND DMG WAITE PARK 45.55N 94.22W 07/11/2008 STEARNS MN TRAINED SPOTTER POWER LINES TOPPLED, MULTIPLE TREES DOWNED. 0720 PM TSTM WND GST ELK RIVER 45.33N 93.57W 07/11/2008 E65.00 MPH SHERBURNE MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0721 PM TSTM WND DMG HECTOR 44.74N 94.71W 07/11/2008 RENVILLE MN LAW ENFORCEMENT TREE DOWN ACROSS COUNTY ROAD FOUR. SEVERAL OTHER TREES DOWN IN TOWN. GRAIN BINS DAMAGED. 0726 PM TSTM WND GST 4 NNE HUTCHINSON 44.94N 94.35W 07/11/2008 E62.00 MPH MCLEOD MN MESONET 62 MPH WIND GUST MEASURED AT HOOK LAKE RD. 0730 PM TSTM WND DMG 3 NW BROWNTON 44.76N 94.39W 07/11/2008 MCLEOD MN EMERGENCY MNGR PORTION OF CATTLE SHED WALL WAS BLOWN OFF. A GRAIN BIN WAS PARTIALLY CRUMPLED NEAR ITS TOP. 0734 PM HAIL 7 N HUTCHINSON 44.99N 94.37W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH MEEKER MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0743 PM TSTM WND GST 2 SE CLEARWATER 45.39N 94.02W 07/11/2008 M68.00 MPH WRIGHT MN MESONET 68 MPH WIND GUST AT MNDOT ROAD WEATHER SENSOR ON I94 AT MILE MARKER 180. 0745 PM TSTM WND DMG 7 SE PRINCETON 45.50N 93.49W 07/11/2008 ISANTI MN AMATEUR RADIO 6 INCH DIAMETER TREE DOWNED AT THE INTERSECTION OF CO RD 40 AND CO RD 28 1 MILE WEST OF SPENCER BROOK. TIME ESTIMATED BY RADAR. 0745 PM TSTM WND DMG 3 W DALBO 45.69N 93.50W 07/11/2008 ISANTI MN LAW ENFORCEMENT WIND DAMAGE ACROSS A SEVEN MILE WIDE SWATH OF NORTHERN ISANTI COUNTY...FROM THE MILLE LACS COUNTY LINE TO THE CHISAGO COUNTY LINE TWO MILES EAST OF STANCHFIELD. NUMEROUS TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN. ONE HOUSE SUSTAINED SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE IN SECTION 8 OF DALBO TOWNSHIP. 0750 PM TSTM WND DMG DELANO 45.04N 93.79W 07/11/2008 WRIGHT MN AMATEUR RADIO 8 INCH BRANCH DOWN AND 2 FOOT DIAMETER TREE DOWN AND BLOCKING ROAD. TIME WAS ESTIMATED ON RADAR. 0750 PM TSTM WND DMG 4 SE BOCK 45.75N 93.50W 07/11/2008 KANABEC MN TRAINED SPOTTER 5 PINE TREES DOWNED UP TO 1 1/2 FT DIAMETER. SOME ON POWER LINES. WIND GUST OF 48 MPH RECORDED. 0751 PM HAIL MONTICELLO 45.30N 93.80W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH WRIGHT MN TRAINED SPOTTER OCCURRED AT INTERSECTION OF 25 AND 137TH. 0753 PM TSTM WND GST MONTICELLO 45.30N 93.80W 07/11/2008 E65.00 MPH WRIGHT MN TRAINED SPOTTER DEBRIS ON ROAD, LARGE BRANCHES DOWNED. 0755 PM FUNNEL CLOUD MONTICELLO 45.30N 93.80W 07/11/2008 WRIGHT MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0755 PM TSTM WND DMG 1 E ALBERTVILLE 45.24N 93.65W 07/11/2008 WRIGHT MN AMATEUR RADIO 12 INCH TREE DOWN BLOCKING ROAD AT INTERSECTION OF HIGHWAY 37 AND I94. TIME ESTIMATED BY RADAR. 0757 PM FUNNEL CLOUD ELK RIVER 45.33N 93.57W 07/11/2008 SHERBURNE MN TRAINED SPOTTER OCCURRED 1 MILE WEST OF ELK RIVER GOLF CLUB. 0800 PM TSTM WND DMG MAYER 44.88N 93.89W 07/11/2008 CARVER MN TRAINED SPOTTER TWO TO THREE INCH TREE LIMBS SEVERED. 0800 PM TSTM WND DMG 2 SSE GRASSTON 45.77N 93.14W 07/11/2008 KANABEC MN TRAINED SPOTTER AT LEAST 6 TREES WERE DOWNED 4 MILES NORTH OF BRAHAM. 0800 PM TSTM WND DMG MONTROSE 45.07N 93.91W 07/11/2008 WRIGHT MN TRAINED SPOTTER COMMERCIAL GREENHOUSE TOPPLED OVER NEAR COUNTY ROAD 12 AND HIGHWAY 12. 0804 PM FUNNEL CLOUD 1 NW ELK RIVER 45.34N 93.58W 07/11/2008 SHERBURNE MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0808 PM TSTM WND DMG MONTICELLO 45.30N 93.80W 07/11/2008 WRIGHT MN TRAINED SPOTTER SEVENTEEN INCH DIAMETER TREE DOWN. FIFTEEN INCH DIAMETER TREE TOPPLED. TOTAL OF 5 TREES DOWNED. 0814 PM TSTM WND GST 2 W NEW ULM 44.32N 94.51W 07/11/2008 M59.00 MPH BROWN MN MESONET 59 MPH WIND GUST RECORDED AT THE NEW ULM AIRPORT. 0815 PM TSTM WND DMG RUSH CITY 45.68N 92.97W 07/11/2008 CHISAGO MN LAW ENFORCEMENT SCATTERED TREES AND POWER LINES DOWNED. 0815 PM TSTM WND DMG DALBO 45.69N 93.44W 07/11/2008 ISANTI MN TRAINED SPOTTER EIGHT TO 10 INCH DIAMETER TREES DOWN. 0816 PM HAIL NORWOOD/YOUNG AMERICA 44.78N 93.92W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH CARVER MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0816 PM HAIL ZIMMERMAN 45.44N 93.59W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH SHERBURNE MN TRAINED SPOTTER OCCURRED 2 MILES SOUTH OF COUNTY ROAD 4. 0816 PM HAIL ZIMMERMAN 45.44N 93.59W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH SHERBURNE MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0817 PM HAIL LAFAYETTE 44.45N 94.39W 07/11/2008 M1.00 INCH NICOLLET MN BROADCAST MEDIA 0819 PM TSTM WND GST 4 S BROOKLYN PARK 45.06N 93.36W 07/11/2008 M58.00 MPH HENNEPIN MN ASOS 58 MPH WIND GUST RECORDED AT CRYSTAL AIRPORT. 0825 PM HAIL ARLINGTON 44.61N 94.08W 07/11/2008 M0.88 INCH SIBLEY MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0826 PM TSTM WND DMG 3 SE BLAINE 45.14N 93.16W 07/11/2008 ANOKA MN TRAINED SPOTTER 4 TO 6 INCH TREE LIMBS SNAPPED OFF 1 MILE EAST OF LEXINGTON AND 35W INTERSECTION. 0827 PM TSTM WND DMG 1 N HILLTOP 45.07N 93.25W 07/11/2008 ANOKA MN AMATEUR RADIO 7 INCH DIAMETER TREES DOWN AT HWY 65 AND I694. 0835 PM TSTM WND DMG SHAKOPEE 44.77N 93.48W 07/11/2008 SCOTT MN LAW ENFORCEMENT ONE TREE TOPPLED. 0844 PM TSTM WND DMG 1 N ST PAUL 44.96N 93.11W 07/11/2008 RAMSEY MN AMATEUR RADIO 6 INCH BRANCH DOWNED AT INTERSECTION OF RICE AND PENNSYLVANIA. 0845 PM HAIL BELLE PLAINE 44.62N 93.76W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH SCOTT MN AMATEUR RADIO 0845 PM TSTM WND DMG BURNSVILLE 44.76N 93.28W 07/11/2008 DAKOTA MN TRAINED SPOTTER FEW TREES TOPPLED. 0850 PM TSTM WND DMG WEST ST PAUL 44.90N 93.09W 07/11/2008 DAKOTA MN TRAINED SPOTTER FEW TREES TOPPLED. 0855 PM HAIL NEW PRAGUE 44.55N 93.57W 07/11/2008 M0.88 INCH SCOTT MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0855 PM TSTM WND DMG SOMERSET 45.13N 92.68W 07/11/2008 ST. CROIX WI TRAINED SPOTTER FEW TREE DOWNED. 0855 PM TSTM WND DMG SOUTH ST PAUL 44.89N 93.04W 07/11/2008 DAKOTA MN TRAINED SPOTTER A FEW TREES DOWNED. 0855 PM TSTM WND DMG OSCEOLA 45.32N 92.70W 07/11/2008 POLK WI TRAINED SPOTTER FEW TREES DOWNED. 0900 PM HAIL ST PETER 44.33N 93.96W 07/11/2008 M0.88 INCH NICOLLET MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0900 PM TSTM WND DMG 1 S WANDEROOS 45.29N 92.49W 07/11/2008 POLK WI TRAINED SPOTTER TIME ESTIMATED BY RADAR. TREE DOWN ON POWER LINE ALONG 60TH AVE. 0900 PM TSTM WND DMG STAR PRAIRIE 45.20N 92.53W 07/11/2008 ST. CROIX WI LAW ENFORCEMENT TREE DOWN. 0915 PM TSTM WND DMG NORTHFIELD 44.45N 93.17W 07/11/2008 RICE MN TRAINED SPOTTER TREES DOWN, ONE TO TWO FEET IN DIAMETER. 0917 PM HAIL 2 S LONSDALE 44.45N 93.43W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH RICE MN TRAINED SPOTTER REPORTED AT INTERSECTION OF CO RD 4 AND CO RD 1. 0919 PM HAIL 6 N ELYSIAN 44.29N 93.68W 07/11/2008 M0.88 INCH LE SUEUR MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0920 PM HAIL 2 S MANKATO 44.14N 93.99W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH BLUE EARTH MN TRAINED SPOTTER AT CO RD 90 AND HWY 22 INTERSECTION. 0920 PM TSTM WND DMG AMERY 45.30N 92.36W 07/11/2008 POLK WI TRAINED SPOTTER A FEW TREES TOPPLED. 0920 PM TSTM WND DMG 2 SE DEER PARK 45.17N 92.36W 07/11/2008 ST. CROIX WI TRAINED SPOTTER TREES DOWN ACROSS ROAD. 0930 PM TSTM WND DMG 4 S ALMENA 45.36N 92.04W 07/11/2008 BARRON WI TRAINED SPOTTER TREE TOPPLED. 0936 PM HAIL 5 SW NORTHFIELD 44.40N 93.24W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH RICE MN TRAINED SPOTTER 0945 PM HAIL MINNESOTA LAKE 43.84N 93.83W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH FARIBAULT MN TRAINED SPOTTER 1000 PM TSTM WND DMG MENOMONIE 44.89N 91.91W 07/11/2008 DUNN WI LAW ENFORCEMENT 6 TO 8 INCH TREE LIMBS DOWNED. 1011 PM HAIL 2 N FREEBORN 43.80N 93.56W 07/11/2008 M0.88 INCH FREEBORN MN TRAINED SPOTTER 1014 PM HAIL 3 N FREEBORN 43.81N 93.56W 07/11/2008 M0.75 INCH FREEBORN MN TRAINED SPOTTER ESTIMATED WINDS OF 55 MPH ALSO OCCURRED. 1054 PM TSTM WND DMG 2 SW ALBERT LEA 43.63N 93.39W 07/11/2008 FREEBORN MN TRAINED SPOTTER TWENTY FOUR INCH TREE TOPPLED.